Abstract
Population:
36,620,970 (2024)
Proportion of employees in unions:
13.4% (OECD 2017) 10.5% (CBOS 2021)
Collective bargaining coverage:
13.4% (OECD 2019)
Principal level of collective bargaining:
company
Workplace representation:
primarily workplace unions but a few works councils
Board-level representation:
in some state-owned and partially state-owned companies
Representation at European level:
normally chosen by representative union
Health and safety representation:
safety representatives (if unions) and safety committee

Produced by

Lionel Fulton (2025) National Industrial Relations, an update. Labour Research Department and European Trade Union Institute. Online publication available at https://www.worker-participation.eu/national-industrial-relations